Ranking Table

CSS color classroom design comparisons

116/148 named colors reach at least 4.5:1 against black; 32/148 reach it against white, from RGB calculations.

Amy Castellanos 25 September 2026

Key findings

Check contrast independently116/148 named colors reach at least 4.5:1 against black; 32/148 reach it against white, from RGB calculations.
Warmth divides the hue groupsWarmth ratings average 1.90/2 for Red or pink and 0.02/2 for Blue or cyan.
Same color, different associationsAqua and cyan receive jewel-tone ratings of 0.89 and 1.15/2 despite identical RGB values.

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Initial order: Visual energy, highest first.


1	red	2	2	0	0.39	0.96	1.05	0.01	1.77	1.26	0.01	1.07	0.37	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF0000	255	0	0	0.21	5.25	4	Visual energy: 2.00 on the editorial rating scale.
2	fuchsia	1.99	0.49	0.04	0	1.68	1.09	0.11	0.89	0.91	0.04	1.87	0.56	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF00FF	255	0	255	0.28	6.7	3.14	Visual energy: 1.99 on the editorial rating scale.
3	lawngreen	1.99	0.57	0.07	0.13	0.75	1.92	0.13	1.01	1.9	0.02	1.87	1.87	Green	Accent	Nature	#7CFC00	124	252	0	0.74	15.78	1.33	Visual energy: 1.99 on the editorial rating scale.
4	lime	1.99	0.45	0.03	0.09	0.89	1.94	0.26	1.3	1.83	0.03	1.88	1.68	Green	Accent	Nature	#00FF00	0	255	0	0.72	15.3	1.37	Visual energy: 1.99 on the editorial rating scale.
5	magenta	1.99	0.75	0.04	0	1.57	1.15	0.07	0.87	0.91	0.04	1.86	0.42	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF00FF	255	0	255	0.28	6.7	3.14	Visual energy: 1.99 on the editorial rating scale.
6	orangered	1.99	2	0	0.6	1.02	0.89	0.01	1.46	1.6	0.03	1.25	1.5	Orange or brown	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF4500	255	69	0	0.26	6.1	3.44	Visual energy: 1.99 on the editorial rating scale.
7	chartreuse	1.98	0.77	0.22	0.18	0.69	1.81	0.16	1.29	1.78	0.07	1.88	1.6	Green	Accent	Nature	#7FFF00	127	255	0	0.76	16.21	1.3	Visual energy: 1.98 on the editorial rating scale.
8	deeppink	1.98	1.83	0.14	0	1.43	1.18	0.03	1.18	1.23	0.07	1.76	0.95	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF1493	255	20	147	0.24	5.77	3.64	Visual energy: 1.98 on the editorial rating scale.
9	hotpink	1.98	1.78	0.64	0	0.65	1.12	0.03	1.18	1.22	0.04	1.96	0.61	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF69B4	255	105	180	0.35	7.93	2.65	Visual energy: 1.98 on the editorial rating scale.
10	yellow	1.98	1.99	0.2	0.19	0.17	1.32	0.05	1.8	1.78	0.09	1.85	0.94	Yellow	Accent	Abstract hue	#FFFF00	255	255	0	0.93	19.56	1.07	Visual energy: 1.98 on the editorial rating scale.
11	crimson	1.96	1.99	0	0.14	1.53	1.02	0.01	1.42	1.4	0.06	0.81	1.03	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#DC143C	220	20	60	0.16	4.21	4.99	Visual energy: 1.96 on the editorial rating scale.
12	orange	1.96	2	0.05	1	0.61	1.25	0.03	1.87	1.75	0.1	1.68	1.43	Orange or brown	Accent	Abstract hue	#FFA500	255	165	0	0.48	10.63	1.98	Visual energy: 1.96 on the editorial rating scale.
13	darkorange	1.92	2	0.01	1.3	0.89	1.11	0.03	1.71	1.81	0.15	1.21	1.59	Orange or brown	Accent	Abstract hue	#FF8C00	255	140	0	0.4	9	2.33	Visual energy: 1.92 on the editorial rating scale.
14	greenyellow	1.91	1.31	0.64	0.23	0.46	1.63	0.12	1.28	1.8	0.25	1.64	1.3	Green	Accent	Abstract hue	#ADFF2F	173	255	47	0.81	17.12	1.23	Visual energy: 1.91 on the editorial rating scale.
15	springgreen	1.91	0.1	0.29	0.08	0.97	1.88	0.66	0.88	1.97	0.23	1.63	1.44	Green	Accent	Nature	#00FF7F	0	255	127	0.73	15.61	1.34	Visual energy: 1.91 on the editorial rating scale.
16	cyan	1.87	0	0.5	0	1.15	0.57	1.96	0.58	1.2	0.4	1.28	0.9	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#00FFFF	0	255	255	0.79	16.75	1.25	Visual energy: 1.87 on the editorial rating scale.
17	aqua	1.85	0	0.57	0	0.89	0.56	1.99	0.61	1.39	0.35	1.47	1.3	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#00FFFF	0	255	255	0.79	16.75	1.25	Visual energy: 1.85 on the editorial rating scale.
18	dodgerblue	1.85	0	0.16	0	1.24	0.25	1.77	0.38	1.37	0.27	1.18	1.29	Blue or cyan	Accent	Nature	#1E90FF	30	144	255	0.27	6.49	3.24	Visual energy: 1.85 on the editorial rating scale.
19	tomato	1.85	2	0.09	0.66	0.63	0.96	0.03	1.81	1.41	0.19	1.09	1.88	Red or pink	Accent	Food	#FF6347	255	99	71	0.31	7.13	2.95	Visual energy: 1.85 on the editorial rating scale.
20	deepskyblue	1.84	0.01	0.27	0	1.46	0.33	1.95	0.46	1.56	0.33	1.24	1.68	Blue or cyan	Accent	Nature	#00BFFF	0	191	255	0.44	9.9	2.12	Visual energy: 1.84 on the editorial rating scale.
21	gold	1.83	2	0.33	0.72	0.8	1.02	0.04	1.49	1.7	0.26	1.1	1.79	Yellow	Accent	Material	#FFD700	255	215	0	0.7	14.97	1.4	Visual energy: 1.83 on the editorial rating scale.
22	blueviolet	1.81	0.08	0.06	0	1.87	1.05	0.25	0.92	1.13	0.3	1.38	1.1	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#8A2BE2	138	43	226	0.13	3.52	5.96	Visual energy: 1.81 on the editorial rating scale.
23	darkviolet	1.73	0.04	0.01	0.01	1.96	1.05	0.1	0.96	1.17	0.24	1.09	0.9	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#9400D3	148	0	211	0.11	3.2	6.56	Visual energy: 1.73 on the editorial rating scale.
24	limegreen	1.72	0.38	0.14	0.53	0.98	1.91	0.19	1.09	1.82	0.37	1.46	1.7	Green	Accent	Nature	#32CD32	50	205	50	0.45	9.91	2.12	Visual energy: 1.72 on the editorial rating scale.
25	firebrick	1.69	2	0	1.51	1.17	0.5	0	1.13	1.68	0.2	0.4	1.69	Red or pink	Accent	Material	#B22222	178	34	34	0.11	3.15	6.68	Visual energy: 1.69 on the editorial rating scale.
26	blue	1.65	0	0.01	0.01	1.65	0.48	1.9	0.47	1.21	0.43	0.64	0.47	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#0000FF	0	0	255	0.07	2.44	8.59	Visual energy: 1.65 on the editorial rating scale.
27	mediumspringgreen	1.65	0.07	0.53	0.07	1.12	1.69	0.78	0.77	1.87	0.49	1.45	1.51	Green	Accent	Nature	#00FA9A	0	250	154	0.71	15.14	1.39	Visual energy: 1.65 on the editorial rating scale.
28	mediumvioletred	1.62	1.27	0.11	0.01	1.62	1.1	0.02	1.02	1.16	0.29	1.36	1.27	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#C71585	199	21	133	0.14	3.87	5.42	Visual energy: 1.62 on the editorial rating scale.
29	turquoise	1.54	0.02	0.6	0.05	1.32	0.93	1.9	0.62	1.33	0.58	1.28	1.56	Blue or cyan	Accent	Material	#40E0D0	64	224	208	0.59	12.79	1.64	Visual energy: 1.54 on the editorial rating scale.
30	coral	1.48	2	0.6	0.63	0.4	0.92	0.37	1.27	1.34	0.45	1.2	1.75	Orange or brown	Accent	Nature	#FF7F50	255	127	80	0.37	8.4	2.5	Visual energy: 1.48 on the editorial rating scale.
31	darkturquoise	1.43	0.01	0.08	0.02	1.63	0.68	1.93	0.46	1.3	0.71	1.03	1.5	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#00CED1	0	206	209	0.49	10.75	1.95	Visual energy: 1.43 on the editorial rating scale.
32	yellowgreen	1.43	1.07	0.51	0.86	0.74	1.83	0.13	1.22	1.83	0.65	1.38	1.35	Green	Accent	Abstract hue	#9ACD32	154	205	50	0.51	11.15	1.88	Visual energy: 1.43 on the editorial rating scale.
33	violet	1.4	0.19	1.24	0.01	0.88	1.29	0.14	0.99	1.11	0.63	1.55	0.71	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#EE82EE	238	130	238	0.4	9.06	2.32	Visual energy: 1.40 on the editorial rating scale.
34	darkorchid	1.38	0.2	0.08	0.01	1.72	1.09	0.09	0.92	1.15	0.49	1.2	1.65	Violet or purple	Accent	Nature	#9932CC	153	50	204	0.13	3.68	5.7	Visual energy: 1.38 on the editorial rating scale.
35	royalblue	1.38	0	0.04	0	1.61	0.36	1.52	0.43	1.16	0.59	0.56	0.82	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#4169E1	65	105	225	0.17	4.33	4.85	Visual energy: 1.38 on the editorial rating scale.
36	mediumorchid	1.37	0.62	0.4	0.01	1.36	1.05	0.06	0.86	1.13	0.45	1.49	1.41	Violet or purple	Accent	Nature	#BA55D3	186	85	211	0.22	5.33	3.94	Visual energy: 1.37 on the editorial rating scale.
37	darkmagenta	1.33	0.5	0	0.02	1.93	1.06	0.03	0.9	1.28	0.41	0.79	0.6	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#8B008B	139	0	139	0.07	2.47	8.5	Visual energy: 1.33 on the editorial rating scale.
38	darkred	1.29	2	0	1.14	1.64	0.91	0	1.29	1.56	0.21	0.09	0.96	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#8B0000	139	0	0	0.05	2.1	10.01	Visual energy: 1.29 on the editorial rating scale.
39	orchid	1.27	0.62	1.09	0.01	0.96	1.32	0.07	0.7	1.2	0.59	1.58	1.77	Violet or purple	Accent	Nature	#DA70D6	218	112	214	0.31	7.27	2.89	Visual energy: 1.27 on the editorial rating scale.
40	mediumslateblue	1.23	0.02	0.4	0.01	1.42	0.57	0.8	0.62	1.06	0.76	0.94	0.91	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#7B68EE	123	104	238	0.2	5.06	4.15	Visual energy: 1.23 on the editorial rating scale.
41	purple	1.22	0.32	0.01	0.02	1.83	1.06	0.11	1.03	1.13	0.41	1.1	0.26	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#800080	128	0	128	0.06	2.23	9.42	Visual energy: 1.22 on the editorial rating scale.
42	goldenrod	1.17	2	0.3	1.47	0.7	1.09	0.02	1.48	1.87	0.68	0.96	1.77	Yellow	Accent	Material	#DAA520	218	165	32	0.42	9.38	2.24	Visual energy: 1.17 on the editorial rating scale.
43	lightsalmon	1.13	1.99	1.38	0.51	0.05	0.73	0.07	1.45	1.21	0.84	1.07	1.63	Orange or brown	Accent	Food	#FFA07A	255	160	122	0.48	10.56	1.99	Visual energy: 1.13 on the editorial rating scale.
44	mediumturquoise	1.13	0.02	0.86	0.06	1.13	0.91	1.88	0.55	1.4	0.96	1.1	1.53	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#48D1CC	72	209	204	0.51	11.27	1.86	Visual energy: 1.13 on the editorial rating scale.
45	lightseagreen	1.12	0.01	0.37	0.26	1.18	1.01	1.96	0.44	1.38	0.94	1.02	1.71	Blue or cyan	Accent	Nature	#20B2AA	32	178	170	0.35	8.01	2.62	Visual energy: 1.12 on the editorial rating scale.
46	mediumblue	1.09	0	0.01	0.01	1.65	0.37	1.66	0.37	1.32	0.78	0.34	1.11	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#0000CD	0	0	205	0.04	1.88	11.16	Visual energy: 1.09 on the editorial rating scale.
47	salmon	1.07	1.99	0.97	0.42	0.12	0.82	0.08	1.59	1.16	0.79	1.07	1.64	Red or pink	Accent	Food	#FA8072	250	128	114	0.37	8.39	2.5	Visual energy: 1.07 on the editorial rating scale.
48	aquamarine	1.05	0.01	1.87	0.03	0.52	0.99	1.95	0.6	1.5	1.21	1.14	1.57	Blue or cyan	Background	Material	#7FFFD4	127	255	212	0.81	17.16	1.22	Visual energy: 1.05 on the editorial rating scale.
49	mediumseagreen	1.01	0.17	0.28	0.77	1.05	1.77	1.44	0.88	1.66	1.05	0.98	1.62	Green	Background	Nature	#3CB371	60	179	113	0.34	7.88	2.67	Visual energy: 1.01 on the editorial rating scale.
50	lightgreen	1	0.26	1.79	0.39	0.13	1.85	0.33	1.02	1.77	1.29	1.15	1.4	Green	Background	Abstract hue	#90EE90	144	238	144	0.69	14.82	1.42	Visual energy: 1.00 on the editorial rating scale.
51	pink	0.96	1.82	1.92	0.01	0.03	1.19	0.06	1.29	1.38	0.94	1.7	0.57	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#FFC0CB	255	192	203	0.63	13.65	1.54	Visual energy: 0.96 on the editorial rating scale.
52	palevioletred	0.95	1.49	1.26	0.02	0.36	1.19	0.04	0.96	1.38	0.89	1.27	1.66	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#DB7093	219	112	147	0.29	6.75	3.11	Visual energy: 0.95 on the editorial rating scale.
53	rebeccapurple	0.95	0.09	0.03	0.02	1.64	0.8	0.13	0.81	1.26	0.73	0.74	0.31	Violet or purple	Accent	Unknown	#663399	102	51	153	0.07	2.5	8.4	Visual energy: 0.95 on the editorial rating scale.
54	plum	0.94	0.51	1.64	0.01	0.65	1.05	0.07	0.93	1.1	1.01	1.34	1.36	Violet or purple	Accent	Nature	#DDA0DD	221	160	221	0.46	10.15	2.07	Visual energy: 0.94 on the editorial rating scale.
55	cornflowerblue	0.93	0	1.09	0.01	0.76	0.79	1.43	0.41	1.28	1.05	0.91	1.74	Blue or cyan	Background	Nature	#6495ED	100	149	237	0.3	7.06	2.97	Visual energy: 0.93 on the editorial rating scale.
56	mediumpurple	0.93	0.07	0.81	0.01	1.09	0.88	0.21	0.71	1.07	1.02	1.03	0.55	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#9370DB	147	112	219	0.23	5.58	3.76	Visual energy: 0.93 on the editorial rating scale.
57	green	0.91	0.28	0.01	1.05	1.48	1.98	0.47	1.28	1.6	0.93	0.92	0.83	Green	Background	Abstract hue	#008000	0	128	0	0.15	4.09	5.14	Visual energy: 0.91 on the editorial rating scale.
58	seagreen	0.9	0.13	0.12	0.92	1.06	1.77	1.49	0.8	1.63	1.18	0.93	1.77	Green	Background	Nature	#2E8B57	46	139	87	0.2	4.95	4.25	Visual energy: 0.90 on the editorial rating scale.
59	lightcoral	0.89	1.97	1.51	0.4	0.06	0.9	0.02	1.02	1.24	1.13	0.99	1.47	Red or pink	Accent	Nature	#F08080	240	128	128	0.36	8.1	2.59	Visual energy: 0.89 on the editorial rating scale.
60	darkgoldenrod	0.87	2	0.03	1.73	0.99	0.96	0.02	1.3	1.85	0.86	0.55	1.79	Orange or brown	Accent	Material	#B8860B	184	134	11	0.27	6.45	3.25	Visual energy: 0.87 on the editorial rating scale.
61	navajowhite	0.87	1.99	1.78	1.15	0.03	0.58	0.06	1.34	1.41	1.29	1.01	1.36	Orange or brown	Background	Nature	#FFDEAD	255	222	173	0.77	16.3	1.29	Visual energy: 0.87 on the editorial rating scale.
62	teal	0.86	0.02	0.03	0.36	1.56	1.16	1.84	0.5	1.02	0.94	0.81	1.22	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#008080	0	128	128	0.17	4.4	4.77	Visual energy: 0.86 on the editorial rating scale.
63	palegreen	0.84	0.28	1.9	0.52	0.02	1.86	0.27	1.07	1.81	1.61	1.07	1.45	Green	Background	Nature	#98FB98	152	251	152	0.78	16.59	1.27	Visual energy: 0.84 on the editorial rating scale.
64	lightskyblue	0.83	0.01	1.94	0	0.03	0.34	1.75	0.42	1.47	1.53	1.07	1.65	Blue or cyan	Background	Nature	#87CEFA	135	206	250	0.56	12.24	1.72	Visual energy: 0.83 on the editorial rating scale.
65	darksalmon	0.82	1.99	0.65	1.03	0.28	0.68	0.05	1.29	1.51	1.06	0.9	1.6	Red or pink	Accent	Food	#E9967A	233	150	122	0.41	9.11	2.31	Visual energy: 0.82 on the editorial rating scale.
66	sandybrown	0.79	2	0.8	1.83	0.09	0.57	0.04	1.43	1.72	1.31	0.88	1.8	Orange or brown	Background	Nature	#F4A460	244	164	96	0.47	10.33	2.03	Visual energy: 0.79 on the editorial rating scale.
67	chocolate	0.78	2	0.02	1.93	0.85	0.71	0.01	1.89	1.72	0.91	0.7	1.89	Orange or brown	Accent	Food	#D2691E	210	105	30	0.24	5.78	3.63	Visual energy: 0.78 on the editorial rating scale.
68	forestgreen	0.77	0.18	0.01	1.4	1.36	1.98	0.11	0.89	1.78	1.18	0.64	1.88	Green	Background	Nature	#228B22	34	139	34	0.19	4.78	4.39	Visual energy: 0.77 on the editorial rating scale.
69	indianred	0.75	1.98	0.39	1.5	0.48	0.63	0.01	0.95	1.52	1.04	0.49	1.14	Red or pink	Accent	Unknown	#CD5C5C	205	92	92	0.21	5.28	3.98	Visual energy: 0.75 on the editorial rating scale.
70	mediumaquamarine	0.75	0.07	1.19	0.33	0.58	1.25	1.68	0.6	1.35	1.39	0.95	1.58	Blue or cyan	Background	Material	#66CDAA	102	205	170	0.49	10.88	1.93	Visual energy: 0.75 on the editorial rating scale.
71	olivedrab	0.74	0.94	0.14	1.35	0.62	1.84	0.06	0.97	1.65	1.3	0.74	1.61	Green	Background	Nature	#6B8E23	107	142	35	0.23	5.52	3.81	Visual energy: 0.74 on the editorial rating scale.
72	darkcyan	0.72	0	0.01	0.27	1.72	1	1.83	0.37	1.1	1.15	0.45	1.15	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#008B8B	0	139	139	0.2	5.07	4.14	Visual energy: 0.72 on the editorial rating scale.
73	lightyellow	0.71	1.84	1.98	0.06	0	0.99	0.07	1.48	1.48	1.87	1.11	1.21	Yellow	Background	Abstract hue	#FFFFE0	255	255	224	0.98	20.63	1.02	Visual energy: 0.71 on the editorial rating scale.
74	indigo	0.7	0.02	0	0.05	1.95	0.67	0.43	1.07	1.29	0.73	0.14	0.92	Violet or purple	Accent	Abstract hue	#4B0082	75	0	130	0.03	1.62	12.95	Visual energy: 0.70 on the editorial rating scale.
75	peru	0.7	1.99	0.25	1.9	0.43	0.69	0.02	1.28	1.73	1.21	0.33	1.62	Orange or brown	Background	Nature	#CD853F	205	133	63	0.3	7.02	2.99	Visual energy: 0.70 on the editorial rating scale.
76	lightpink	0.69	1.85	1.98	0.01	0.01	1	0.04	1.16	1.38	1.35	1.43	0.99	Red or pink	Background	Abstract hue	#FFB6C1	255	182	193	0.59	12.71	1.65	Visual energy: 0.69 on the editorial rating scale.
77	skyblue	0.69	0.01	1.88	0	0.04	0.26	1.63	0.37	1.44	1.59	1.06	1.81	Blue or cyan	Background	Nature	#87CEEB	135	206	235	0.55	12.06	1.74	Visual energy: 0.69 on the editorial rating scale.
78	lemonchiffon	0.67	1.9	1.98	0.13	0.01	0.98	0.06	1.63	1.55	1.83	1.15	1.73	Yellow	Background	Food	#FFFACD	255	250	205	0.94	19.81	1.06	Visual energy: 0.67 on the editorial rating scale.
79	steelblue	0.65	0.01	0.19	0.1	0.96	0.28	1.61	0.21	1.23	1.23	0.14	1.6	Blue or cyan	Accent	Material	#4682B4	70	130	180	0.21	5.11	4.11	Visual energy: 0.65 on the editorial rating scale.
80	paleturquoise	0.58	0.02	1.95	0.05	0.09	0.72	1.78	0.48	1.3	1.7	0.97	1.54	Blue or cyan	Background	Material	#AFEEEE	175	238	238	0.76	16.29	1.29	Visual energy: 0.58 on the editorial rating scale.
81	slateblue	0.51	0.04	0.29	0.13	1.24	0.6	0.57	0.55	1.05	1.17	0.46	1.31	Violet or purple	Accent	Material	#6A5ACD	106	90	205	0.15	3.96	5.31	Visual energy: 0.51 on the editorial rating scale.
82	sienna	0.49	2	0.02	1.96	0.77	0.73	0.01	1.19	1.73	1.18	0.19	1.65	Orange or brown	Accent	Material	#A0522D	160	82	45	0.14	3.74	5.62	Visual energy: 0.49 on the editorial rating scale.
83	azure	0.48	0.01	1.96	0	0.13	0.26	1.78	0.42	1.4	1.77	0.85	1.41	Blue or cyan	Background	Nature	#F0FFFF	240	255	255	0.97	20.45	1.03	Visual energy: 0.48 on the editorial rating scale.
84	peachpuff	0.43	1.98	1.98	0.54	0	0.75	0.05	1.41	1.22	1.7	1.01	1.64	Orange or brown	Background	Food	#FFDAB9	255	218	185	0.75	15.98	1.31	Visual energy: 0.43 on the editorial rating scale.
85	moccasin	0.42	1.99	1.9	1.22	0.01	0.49	0.03	1.4	1.35	1.7	0.88	1.59	Orange or brown	Background	Material	#FFE4B5	255	228	181	0.8	17.02	1.23	Visual energy: 0.42 on the editorial rating scale.
86	maroon	0.4	1.97	0	1.38	1.49	0.64	0.01	0.99	1.46	0.58	0.04	0.75	Red or pink	Accent	Abstract hue	#800000	128	0	0	0.05	1.92	10.95	Visual energy: 0.40 on the editorial rating scale.
87	lightcyan	0.31	0	1.99	0	0.03	0.53	1.83	0.51	1.34	1.88	0.8	1.13	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#E0FFFF	224	255	255	0.95	19.92	1.05	Visual energy: 0.31 on the editorial rating scale.
88	papayawhip	0.31	1.96	1.97	0.59	0	0.67	0.06	1.62	1.23	1.86	0.98	1.75	Orange or brown	Background	Food	#FFEFD5	255	239	213	0.88	18.56	1.13	Visual energy: 0.31 on the editorial rating scale.
89	white	0.31	0.72	1.45	0.03	0	0.53	0.58	1.07	0.53	1.83	0.05	0.3	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#FFFFFF	255	255	255	1	21	1	Visual energy: 0.31 on the editorial rating scale.
90	lightgoldenrodyellow	0.29	1.68	1.98	0.39	0.01	0.96	0.13	1.03	1.56	1.85	0.89	1.54	Yellow	Background	Material	#FAFAD2	250	250	210	0.93	19.67	1.07	Visual energy: 0.29 on the editorial rating scale.
91	cadetblue	0.28	0.07	0.75	0.66	0.61	0.82	1.55	0.31	1.02	1.51	0.3	0.97	Blue or cyan	Background	Unknown	#5F9EA0	95	158	160	0.29	6.88	3.05	Visual energy: 0.28 on the editorial rating scale.
92	darkslateblue	0.27	0.01	0.01	0.1	1.63	0.48	0.87	0.57	1.25	1.19	0.1	0.92	Blue or cyan	Accent	Abstract hue	#483D8B	72	61	139	0.07	2.32	9.07	Visual energy: 0.27 on the editorial rating scale.
93	darkgreen	0.26	0.06	0	1.29	1.72	1.95	0.29	1	1.57	1.44	0.34	1.32	Green	Background	Abstract hue	#006400	0	100	0	0.09	2.82	7.44	Visual energy: 0.26 on the editorial rating scale.
94	lightblue	0.26	0.01	1.97	0.01	0.02	0.38	1.76	0.46	1.31	1.79	0.93	1.16	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#ADD8E6	173	216	230	0.64	13.74	1.53	Visual energy: 0.26 on the editorial rating scale.
95	khaki	0.25	1.92	1.39	1.53	0.02	0.86	0.04	1.22	1.67	1.65	0.53	1.33	Yellow	Background	Nature	#F0E68C	240	230	140	0.77	16.4	1.28	Visual energy: 0.25 on the editorial rating scale.
96	palegoldenrod	0.25	1.84	1.92	1	0.01	1.03	0.04	1.21	1.69	1.77	0.81	1.72	Yellow	Background	Nature	#EEE8AA	238	232	170	0.79	16.76	1.25	Visual energy: 0.25 on the editorial rating scale.
97	bisque	0.24	1.99	1.91	1.05	0	0.48	0.06	1.39	1.34	1.84	0.64	1.2	Orange or brown	Background	Food	#FFE4C4	255	228	196	0.81	17.15	1.23	Visual energy: 0.24 on the editorial rating scale.
98	saddlebrown	0.23	2	0.01	1.99	0.8	0.74	0.01	1.3	1.76	1.24	0.17	1.82	Orange or brown	Background	Nature	#8B4513	139	69	19	0.1	2.96	7.1	Visual energy: 0.23 on the editorial rating scale.
99	brown	0.22	2	0.01	1.98	0.7	0.92	0.01	1.38	1.55	1.24	0.19	1.38	Orange or brown	Object fill	Abstract hue	#A52A2A	165	42	42	0.1	2.96	7.08	Visual energy: 0.22 on the editorial rating scale.
100	olive	0.22	1.54	0.05	1.56	0.55	1.63	0.04	1	1.69	1.49	0.31	1.37	Green	Background	Nature	#808000	128	128	0	0.2	5.01	4.2	Visual energy: 0.22 on the editorial rating scale.
101	darkblue	0.17	0	0	0.02	1.77	0.32	1.66	0.45	1.32	1.19	0.05	1.02	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#00008B	0	0	139	0.02	1.37	15.3	Visual energy: 0.17 on the editorial rating scale.
102	powderblue	0.17	0.01	1.97	0.03	0.02	0.53	1.67	0.4	1.32	1.77	0.74	1.15	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#B0E0E6	176	224	230	0.68	14.65	1.43	Visual energy: 0.17 on the editorial rating scale.
103	darkolivegreen	0.15	0.91	0.02	1.67	0.82	1.77	0.07	0.79	1.64	1.65	0.18	1.74	Green	Background	Nature	#556B2F	85	107	47	0.13	3.53	5.95	Visual energy: 0.15 on the editorial rating scale.
104	darkkhaki	0.14	1.78	0.57	1.6	0.14	1.04	0.04	1.11	1.62	1.69	0.34	1.41	Yellow	Background	Nature	#BDB76B	189	183	107	0.46	10.15	2.07	Visual energy: 0.14 on the editorial rating scale.
105	darkseagreen	0.13	0.22	1.14	0.93	0.21	1.67	0.92	0.68	1.58	1.76	0.71	1.6	Green	Background	Nature	#8FBC8F	143	188	143	0.44	9.76	2.15	Visual energy: 0.13 on the editorial rating scale.
106	blanchedalmond	0.12	1.98	1.91	0.98	0	0.64	0.06	1.45	1.33	1.89	0.56	1.56	Orange or brown	Background	Food	#FFEBCD	255	235	205	0.85	18.02	1.17	Visual energy: 0.12 on the editorial rating scale.
107	midnightblue	0.11	0	0	0.03	1.81	0.2	1.3	0.39	1.46	1.32	0.02	1.41	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#191970	25	25	112	0.02	1.41	14.85	Visual energy: 0.11 on the editorial rating scale.
108	wheat	0.09	1.99	1.75	1.29	0.01	1	0.03	1.54	1.67	1.84	0.39	1.79	Yellow	Background	Nature	#F5DEB3	245	222	179	0.75	15.98	1.31	Visual energy: 0.09 on the editorial rating scale.
109	navy	0.08	0	0	0.04	1.72	0.15	1.73	0.27	1.11	1.18	0.01	0.96	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#000080	0	0	128	0.02	1.31	16.01	Visual energy: 0.08 on the editorial rating scale.
110	black	0.07	0.48	0	0.57	0.96	0.1	0.21	0.75	0.46	0.75	0	0.14	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#000000	0	0	0	0	1	21	Visual energy: 0.07 on the editorial rating scale.
111	burlywood	0.07	1.98	1.27	1.85	0.01	0.63	0.03	1.12	1.65	1.8	0.49	1.66	Orange or brown	Background	Nature	#DEB887	222	184	135	0.52	11.31	1.86	Visual energy: 0.07 on the editorial rating scale.
112	lightsteelblue	0.07	0.03	1.78	0.04	0.03	0.32	1.17	0.26	1.14	1.81	0.31	1.31	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#B0C4DE	176	196	222	0.54	11.8	1.78	Visual energy: 0.07 on the editorial rating scale.
113	thistle	0.07	0.62	1.84	0.1	0.12	1	0.09	0.66	1.22	1.64	0.78	1.3	Violet or purple	Background	Nature	#D8BFD8	216	191	216	0.57	12.36	1.7	Visual energy: 0.07 on the editorial rating scale.
114	cornsilk	0.06	1.88	1.94	0.53	0	0.71	0.06	1.42	1.33	1.94	0.39	1.61	Yellow	Background	Food	#FFF8DC	255	248	220	0.94	19.71	1.06	Visual energy: 0.06 on the editorial rating scale.
115	mintcream	0.05	0.11	1.99	0.05	0	1.19	0.9	0.89	1.56	1.97	0.73	1.47	Green	Background	Nature	#F5FFFA	245	255	250	0.98	20.57	1.02	Visual energy: 0.05 on the editorial rating scale.
116	mistyrose	0.05	1.84	1.99	0.14	0	0.8	0.11	0.87	1.31	1.93	0.83	1.03	Red or pink	Background	Abstract hue	#FFE4E1	255	228	225	0.82	17.44	1.2	Visual energy: 0.05 on the editorial rating scale.
117	lightslategrey	0.04	0.11	0.87	0.69	0.12	0.19	0.75	0.19	0.89	1.76	0.03	1.19	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#778899	119	136	153	0.24	5.77	3.64	Visual energy: 0.04 on the editorial rating scale.
118	tan	0.04	1.96	1.06	1.77	0.01	0.57	0.03	1.22	1.48	1.81	0.14	1.41	Orange or brown	Background	Material	#D2B48C	210	180	140	0.48	10.65	1.97	Visual energy: 0.04 on the editorial rating scale.
119	honeydew	0.03	0.32	1.99	0.19	0.01	1.37	0.43	0.95	1.58	1.98	0.73	1.4	Green	Background	Nature	#F0FFF0	240	255	240	0.96	20.27	1.04	Visual energy: 0.03 on the editorial rating scale.
120	lavender	0.03	0.09	1.99	0.01	0.03	1.35	0.18	0.69	1.5	1.89	0.91	1.57	Violet or purple	Background	Nature	#E6E6FA	230	230	250	0.8	17.06	1.23	Visual energy: 0.03 on the editorial rating scale.
121	snow	0.03	0.84	1.9	0.02	0	0.36	0.72	0.94	1.69	1.97	0.15	1.72	Neutral	Background	Nature	#FFFAFA	255	250	250	0.97	20.31	1.03	Visual energy: 0.03 on the editorial rating scale.
122	floralwhite	0.02	1.64	1.94	0.25	0	0.95	0.05	1.01	1.09	1.96	0.2	1.55	Neutral	Background	Nature	#FFFAF0	255	250	240	0.96	20.18	1.04	Visual energy: 0.02 on the editorial rating scale.
123	ivory	0.02	1.66	1.87	0.39	0	0.54	0.12	1.27	1.02	1.97	0.09	1.35	Neutral	Background	Material	#FFFFF0	255	255	240	0.99	20.81	1.01	Visual energy: 0.02 on the editorial rating scale.
124	lavenderblush	0.02	1.4	2	0.01	0	0.94	0.08	0.88	1.39	1.96	0.95	1	Red or pink	Background	Abstract hue	#FFF0F5	255	240	245	0.9	19.04	1.1	Visual energy: 0.02 on the editorial rating scale.
125	lightslategray	0.02	0.11	0.69	0.88	0.08	0.17	0.61	0.2	0.87	1.77	0.01	1.45	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#778899	119	136	153	0.24	5.77	3.64	Visual energy: 0.02 on the editorial rating scale.
126	rosybrown	0.02	1.89	1.1	1.51	0.03	0.63	0.01	0.85	1.39	1.81	0.29	1.46	Orange or brown	Background	Abstract hue	#BC8F8F	188	143	143	0.32	7.46	2.81	Visual energy: 0.02 on the editorial rating scale.
127	silver	0.02	0.42	1.07	0.31	0.01	0.14	0.48	0.45	0.68	1.79	0.01	1.31	Neutral	Background	Material	#C0C0C0	192	192	192	0.53	11.54	1.82	Visual energy: 0.02 on the editorial rating scale.
128	aliceblue	0.01	0.02	1.98	0	0	0.27	1.39	0.43	1.46	1.98	0.35	1.22	Blue or cyan	Background	Nature	#F0F8FF	240	248	255	0.93	19.58	1.07	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
129	antiquewhite	0.01	1.94	1.83	1.06	0	0.44	0.03	0.98	1.34	1.92	0.11	1.06	Orange or brown	Background	Material	#FAEBD7	250	235	215	0.85	17.93	1.17	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
130	darkgray	0.01	0.64	0.07	0.92	0.02	0.11	0.19	0.34	0.45	1.9	0.01	0.61	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#A9A9A9	169	169	169	0.4	8.94	2.35	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
131	darkgrey	0.01	0.62	0.07	0.89	0.03	0.16	0.16	0.37	0.53	1.88	0.01	0.58	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#A9A9A9	169	169	169	0.4	8.94	2.35	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
132	darkslategray	0.01	0.03	0	1.2	0.86	0.55	0.8	0.3	1.2	1.73	0	1.28	Blue or cyan	Background	Abstract hue	#2F4F4F	47	79	79	0.07	2.35	8.93	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
133	darkslategrey	0.01	0.02	0	1.22	0.88	0.57	0.89	0.28	1.17	1.76	0	1.39	Green	Background	Abstract hue	#2F4F4F	47	79	79	0.07	2.35	8.93	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
134	dimgray	0.01	0.58	0	1.11	0.11	0.18	0.1	0.4	0.71	1.82	0	1.02	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#696969	105	105	105	0.14	3.83	5.49	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
135	dimgrey	0.01	0.58	0.01	1.28	0.16	0.2	0.11	0.43	0.73	1.78	0.01	1.18	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#696969	105	105	105	0.14	3.83	5.49	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
136	ghostwhite	0.01	0.3	1.87	0.01	0	0.28	0.58	0.55	1.28	1.98	0.09	1.33	Neutral	Background	Nature	#F8F8FF	248	248	255	0.94	19.86	1.06	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
137	gray	0.01	0.9	0.25	0.78	0.01	0.09	0.24	0.31	0.24	1.87	0	0.19	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#808080	128	128	128	0.22	5.32	3.95	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
138	grey	0.01	0.83	0.28	0.94	0.01	0.08	0.31	0.33	0.22	1.91	0	0.26	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#808080	128	128	128	0.22	5.32	3.95	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
139	lightgray	0.01	0.65	1.18	0.37	0	0.1	0.3	0.44	0.54	1.98	0.01	0.67	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#D3D3D3	211	211	211	0.65	14.03	1.5	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
140	oldlace	0.01	1.96	1.96	0.79	0	0.6	0.04	1.26	1.29	1.96	0.18	1.16	Yellow	Background	Material	#FDF5E6	253	245	230	0.92	19.38	1.08	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
141	seashell	0.01	1.58	1.98	0.34	0	0.25	1.11	0.89	1.02	1.97	0.34	1.85	Orange or brown	Background	Nature	#FFF5EE	255	245	238	0.93	19.55	1.07	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
142	slategray	0.01	0.1	0.15	1.17	0.17	0.14	0.58	0.21	0.85	1.83	0.01	1.43	Neutral	Background	Material	#708090	112	128	144	0.21	5.18	4.05	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
143	slategrey	0.01	0.06	0.16	1.17	0.22	0.17	0.65	0.2	0.92	1.81	0.01	1.45	Blue or cyan	Background	Material	#708090	112	128	144	0.21	5.18	4.05	Visual energy: 0.01 on the editorial rating scale.
144	beige	0	1.89	1.72	1.47	0	0.58	0.04	1.35	1.25	1.98	0.06	0.97	Orange or brown	Background	Abstract hue	#F5F5DC	245	245	220	0.9	18.98	1.11	Visual energy: 0.00 on the editorial rating scale.
145	gainsboro	0	0.67	1.42	0.43	0	0.14	0.3	0.46	0.55	1.98	0.02	0.75	Neutral	Background	Material	#DCDCDC	220	220	220	0.72	15.31	1.37	Visual energy: 0.00 on the editorial rating scale.
146	lightgrey	0	0.62	1.26	0.4	0	0.11	0.29	0.4	0.54	1.98	0.02	0.69	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#D3D3D3	211	211	211	0.65	14.03	1.5	Visual energy: 0.00 on the editorial rating scale.
147	linen	0	1.87	1.91	0.99	0	0.45	0.03	1.15	1.22	1.98	0.09	1.55	Orange or brown	Background	Material	#FAF0E6	250	240	230	0.88	18.67	1.12	Visual energy: 0.00 on the editorial rating scale.
148	whitesmoke	0	0.84	1.53	0.15	0	0.21	0.4	0.65	0.67	1.99	0.02	1.21	Neutral	Background	Abstract hue	#F5F5F5	245	245	245	0.91	19.26	1.09	Visual energy: 0.00 on the editorial rating scale.

148 rows · all fields visible

Data completeness: 1 categorical field(s) contain unknowns

Name association: 3 of 148 entries unresolved. Unknown values are excluded from group comparisons.

148rows in the dataset

25fields per row

0.7median Visual energy

1.23middle-half spread

Where the ratings cluster

Visual energy · 0–2 rating · 148 finite values

8 equal-width bin(s) across the observed range; the final bin includes the maximum. Middle 50%: 0.07–1.3. Hover a bin for its range.

First five by Visual energy

1red2
2fuchsia1.99
3lawngreen1.99
4lime1.99
5magenta1.99

Tied scores retain source order; listing first does not break a tie. Read across each row before choosing a shortlist.

Distribution across numeric fields

Quartiles describe the middle half of each field. Units differ; compare values within a row of this summary, not across unrelated fields.

Field	Valid n	Minimum	25th pct.	Median	75th pct.	Maximum
Visual energy (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.07	0.7	1.3	2
Perceived warmth (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.07	0.62	1.9	2
Pastel character (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.04	0.55	1.78	2
Earthiness (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.02	0.35	1.01	1.99
Jewel-tone character (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.02	0.54	1.12	1.96
Plant association (0–2 rating)	148	0.08	0.48	0.8	1.09	1.98
Water association (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.04	0.13	0.82	1.99
Food association (0–2 rating)	148	0.19	0.48	0.92	1.26	1.89
Seasonal specificity (0–2 rating)	148	0.22	1.16	1.34	1.58	1.97
Decorative subtlety (0–2 rating)	148	0.01	0.59	1.22	1.81	1.99
Playful character (0–2 rating)	148	0	0.19	0.81	1.1	1.96
Natural-world specificity (0–2 rating)	148	0.14	1.02	1.38	1.61	1.89
red	148	0	105	176	245.75	255
green	148	0	105	165	230.5	255
blue	148	0	102.75	164.5	220.25	255
luminance	148	0	0.21	0.41	0.76	1
contrast_black	148	1	5.1	9.25	16.23	21
contrast_white	148	1	1.29	2.27	4.12	21

Field definitions and analysis method

rank: Position after sorting the ranking field; ties are not evidence of a real difference.
Entry: Identity of this comparison entry.
Visual energy: 0: Muted quiet visual impression; 1: Moderately lively visual impression; 2: Highly vivid attention-demanding visual impression
Perceived warmth: 0: Cool visual association dominates; 1: Neutral or mixed temperature association; 2: Warm visual association dominates
Pastel character: 0: Dark or strongly saturated appearance; 1: Some softened light-color character; 2: Strong light softly tinted appearance
Earthiness: 0: Little association with soil wood or stone; 1: Some association with natural earth materials; 2: Strong soil wood clay or stone association
Jewel-tone character: 0: Pale muted or neutral impression; 1: Some rich gem-like depth; 2: Strong deep saturated gem-like impression
Plant association: 0: Little foliage or plant association; 1: Some flower or foliage association; 2: Strong readily recognizable plant association
Water association: 0: Little water or aquatic association; 1: Some aquatic association; 2: Strong sea lake ice or water association
Food association: 0: Little recognizable food association; 1: Some plausible food-color association; 2: Strong familiar food-color association
Seasonal specificity: 0: No clear seasonal association; 1: Some seasonal association among several possibilities; 2: Strong association with a particular season
Decorative subtlety: 0: Color dominates and draws immediate attention; 1: Color balances emphasis and background use; 2: Color recedes gently into a decorative background
Playful character: 0: Formal restrained visual character; 1: Some lively informal visual cues; 2: Strongly playful whimsical visual character
Natural-world specificity: 0: Broad abstract color identity; 1: Some identifiable natural-world cue; 2: Name and appearance evoke a specific natural object
Hue family: Red or pink: Red and pink hue identity; Orange or brown: Orange and brown hue identity; Yellow: Yellow hue identity; Green: Green hue identity; Blue or cyan: Blue and cyan hue identity; Violet or purple: Violet and purple hue identity; Neutral: White gray black or near-neutral identity; Unknown: Identity or classification is uncertain, or no listed category fits
Illustrative role: Background: Subtle backdrop is the strongest illustrative association; Accent: Small attention-grabbing detail is the strongest association; Object fill: Recognizable colored object is the strongest association; Unknown: Identity or classification is uncertain, or no listed category fits
Name association: Nature: Name refers to a natural object or phenomenon; Food: Name refers to a food or ingredient; Material: Name refers to a pigment gem or material; Abstract hue: Name primarily describes hue or lightness; Unknown: Identity or classification is uncertain, or no listed category fits
hex: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
red: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
green: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
blue: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
luminance: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
contrast_black: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
contrast_white: Calculated from the standard CSS sRGB value.
rationale: Explanation of the row’s ratings under the stated criteria.

Statistics are computed from the published finite values. Quantiles use linear interpolation at (n − 1) × p. Associations can reflect shared assessment assumptions; no statistical significance or real-world causal effect is implied. The article explains the assessment method and limitations.

Aqua and cyan share the same RGB color, yet receive jewel-tone-character ratings of 0.89 and 1.15. The difference concerns the ratings, not the displayed color. Aliases therefore remind us to keep subjective associations separate from deterministic color calculations; a naming preference cannot change the contrast produced by the same RGB values.

Visual energy and playful character have a tie-aware Spearman rank correlation of 0.83. On our 0–2 rating scales, red receives 2.00 for visual energy and 1.07 for playful character; linen receives 0.00 and 0.09, respectively.

Visual energy and playful character rise together in our ratings. Including both in a combined palette score would partly repeat the same association, while earthiness, pastel character and other columns offer different ways to describe a palette. The aqua–cyan comparison is a useful check on the distinction between association and color identity: two names can evoke slightly different impressions while producing exactly the same displayed RGB color. Use the opinion columns to articulate the mood you want, then preview the palette and inspect its calculated contrast. The table does not establish effects on children’s attention or mood, and subjective appeal does not establish readability.

All 148 entries have a hue family category. The primary rating has an exact tie spanning 16 entries; rounding to one decimal puts as many as 32 together. Read nearby positions as broad clusters rather than distinct tiers.

What the ratings show

The analysis covers 148 rows and 25 fields.

The spread in Visual energy

Across 148 usable values, Visual energy runs from 0 to 2 on the 0–2 rating scale. The median is 0.7; the middle half of rows falls between 0.07 and 1.3. That middle-half range is 1.23, compared with a full range of 2. There are 0 missing or non-finite values in this field.

The rank is a sorting aid, not a confidence statement. Small gaps between subjective ratings do not establish meaningful differences. Use the full row and its assumptions when making a shortlist.

Comparing Hue family groups

The Violet or purple group has a median Visual energy of 1.25 across 20 rows; Neutral has 0.01 across 19. Their medians differ by 1.24. The middle half of Violet or purple runs from 0.94 to 1.46, compared with 0.01 to 0.02 for Neutral. This comparison includes 7 groups with at least five rows each; 0 rows are outside those groups (including unknown labels and small groups). Different group composition can explain the difference, so it is not an isolated effect of the group label.

Comparing Illustrative role groups

The Accent group has a median Visual energy of 1.4 across 65 rows; Background has 0.1 across 82. Their medians differ by 1.3. The middle half of Accent runs from 0.95 to 1.85, compared with 0.01 to 0.43 for Background. This comparison includes 2 groups with at least five rows each; 1 rows are outside those groups (including unknown labels and small groups). Different group composition can explain the difference, so it is not an isolated effect of the group label.

Comparing Name association groups

The Nature group has a median Visual energy of 0.77 across 45 rows; Material has 0.45 across 22. Their medians differ by 0.32. The middle half of Nature runs from 0.13 to 1.27, compared with 0.01 to 0.84 for Material. This comparison includes 4 groups with at least five rows each; 3 rows are outside those groups (including unknown labels and small groups). Different group composition can explain the difference, so it is not an isolated effect of the group label.

Which fields move together

Decorative subtlety and Visual energy: Spearman rho = -0.93 across 148 complete pairs. Lower values tend to accompany higher Visual energy values within these rows.
Playful character and Visual energy: Spearman rho = 0.83 across 148 complete pairs. Higher values tend to accompany higher Visual energy values within these rows.
Jewel-tone character and Visual energy: Spearman rho = 0.63 across 148 complete pairs. Higher values tend to accompany higher Visual energy values within these rows.
Plant association and Visual energy: Spearman rho = 0.57 across 148 complete pairs. Higher values tend to accompany higher Visual energy values within these rows.

These are descriptive associations, not causal findings. They can reflect the assessment’s shared assumptions, linked scoring rubrics or repeated scenario structure. Correlated ratings are not independent confirmation of one another.

How the shortlist changes with a constraint

The following comparisons retain the published Visual energy ordering but split the dataset at each secondary field’s median. Choose the side that matches your use case; neither side is assumed to be better.

With Decorative subtlety at or below 1.22, 74 rows qualify. red is the first listed of 1 row(s) tied at that subset’s highest value of 2 for Visual energy; its Decorative subtlety is 0.01.
With Decorative subtlety above 1.22, 74 rows qualify. lightgreen is the first listed of 1 row(s) tied at that subset’s highest value of 1 for Visual energy; its Decorative subtlety is 1.29.
With Playful character at or below 0.81, 74 rows qualify. firebrick is the first listed of 1 row(s) tied at that subset’s highest value of 1.69 for Visual energy; its Playful character is 0.4.
With Playful character above 0.81, 74 rows qualify. red is the first listed of 1 row(s) tied at that subset’s highest value of 2 for Visual energy; its Playful character is 1.07.
With Jewel-tone character at or below 0.54, 74 rows qualify. yellow is the first listed of 1 row(s) tied at that subset’s highest value of 1.98 for Visual energy; its Jewel-tone character is 0.17.
With Jewel-tone character above 0.54, 74 rows qualify. red is the first listed of 1 row(s) tied at that subset’s highest value of 2 for Visual energy; its Jewel-tone character is 0.96.

Reproducing the analysis

Download the complete CSV, retain finite numeric values, and sort the ranking field in the descending direction. Quantiles use linear interpolation at (n − 1) × p; group statistics use the same method. Spearman correlations use average ranks for ties and use only complete numeric pairs. No significance tests or confidence intervals are reported: these assessments are not a random sample of measured outcomes.

How we compared the entries

We use AI-assisted scoring against the criteria shown for each column. These ratings are subjective editorial assessments, not physical tests or measurements. The assessments use candidate names and descriptions; no independent product testing or field research was performed.

Catalog scope: complete 148 CSS named-color entries from Pillow ImageColor.colormap.

Scores follow the ordered criteria shown in the table; decimals indicate positions between those anchors, not measurement precision. Associations describe patterns in these assessments and do not establish cause. Category labels and candidate identities can contain errors.

The CSS hexadecimal and RGB values come from the complete named-color catalog. Relative luminance and black/white contrast ratios are computed from sRGB transfer functions; those columns are deterministic, while the classroom design associations are subjective assessments. Sources: W3C named colors and W3C contrast calculations.